Applied Electromagnetics Using Quickfield & MATLAB

Appendix 5: Biological Material Properties

OVERVIEW

Material

Young's Modulus (Gpa)

Soft Biological Tissue

0.0002

Human Cartilage

0.024

Collagen

0.6

Human Tendon

0.6

Compact Bone in Tension

22

Compact Bone in Compression

10

Elastin

0.0006

Lipid Bilayer (membrane)

.012

Material

Thermal Conductivity (W/m K)

Skin

0.34

Muscle

0.46

Fat (pig)

0.17

Mitochondrion (spherical model)

Dimension

Conductivity (S/m)

Relative Permeability

Outer membrane

7 nm (thickness)

0.95 e-6

12.1

Inner membrane space

0.92 ?m

0.4

54.0

Inner membrane

7 nm (thickness)

0.95 e-6

3.4

Matrix

0.832 ?m

0.121

54

Cellular plasma membrane

5 nm (thickness)

1.0 e-5 1.0 e-7

8 11.3

Cytoplasm

1~10 ?m

0.5

80

Extracellular medium

1~10 ?m

1.0

80

Tissue During Cardiac Phase

DC Resistivity (Ohm-m)

Blood

1.38 1.54 Ohm-m (between end-systole and end-diastole phases)

Myocardium

4.2 Ohm-m

Lungs

14.2 15 Ohm-m (between end-systole and end-diastole phases)

Thorax (average)

40 Ohm-m

Cell/Organelle

Dimension (microns)

Mitochondrion

0.1 5 ?m

E. coli

2 ?m

Liver cell

20 ?m

Nerve cell

5 ?m (diameter) (1 meter length)

Erythrocyte (red blood cell)

2 ?m (thickness) 8 ?m (diameter)

Bacteria

0.2 2 ?m (diameter) 1 400 ?m (length)

Cell membrane

5 nm (thickness)

Tissue

Conductivity (S/m)

Relative Permittivity

Skin

10 -3 (kHz) 0.1 (MHz)

10 6 (kHz) 10 3 (MHz)

Bone

0.01 (dc)

3000 10000 (dc)

Fat

0.03 (10 2 10 6 Hz)

10 6 (100 Hz) 10 (MHz)

Fat

0.1 0.3 (0.4 5 GHz)

5 (0.4 5 GHz)

Breast Fat

0.2 1 (0.4 5 GHz)

5 50 (0.4 5 GHz)

Breast Tumor

0.7 3 (0.4 5 GHz)

47 67 (0.4 5...

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