TABLE OF CONTENTS | 1. | What is the full form of EDTA? Write down its structure. |
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| 2. | Name the cause of temporary hardness in water. |
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| 3. | What is the cause of permanent hardness of water? |
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| 4. | What are the units of hardness? |
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| 5. | Name the indicator used in the titration of Ca 2+ and EDTA. |
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| 6. | What is the end-point in this experiment? |
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| 7. | How will you remove the temporary hardness? |
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| 8. | What is the cause of hardness of water? |
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| 9. | What are the disadvantages of hard water in industries? |
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| 10. | Why is hardness of water generally expressed as CaCO 3 equivalent? |
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| 11. | Name the other ions which causes hardness besides Ca +2 and Mg +2. |
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| 12. | What do you mean by compleximetric titrations? |
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| 13. | What is meant by hard water and its hardness? |
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| 14. | What are the types of hardness? |
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| 15. | At what pH are EDTA titrations performed? |
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| 16. | How is this optimum pH attained? |
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| 17. | What are metallochromic indicators? |
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| 18. | What is the indicator used in the experiment? |
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| 19. | How is the color of the indicator affected by the pH? |
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| 20. | Write the structure of Metal-EDTA complex. |
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| 21. | What are the harmful effects of hard water? |
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| 22. | Name a metallochromic indicator other than EBT. |
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Answers
| 1. | EDTA is ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.  |
| 2. | Temporary hardness is caused by the bicarbonates of metals, mainly calcium and magnesium. |
| 3. | Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of chlorides, sulphates, and nitrates of calcium... |
