Engineering Chemistry

Appendix II: Laboratory Reagents

1 Concentrated Acids

Name and Formula of Acid

Formula Weight

Equivalent Weight

Weight %

Specific Gravity

Aprox. Strength

Acetic acid

60.05

60.05

99 100

1.05

17.4 N

(CH 3COOH)

or

or

glacial

99.5

17.4 M

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

36.46

36.46

36

1.18

11.6 ? 12 N or M

Hydrobromic acid (HBr)

80.92

80.92

47.8

1.49

9 N or M

Hydrofluoric acid (HF)

20.01

20.01

46

1.15

26.5 N or M

Hydriodic acid (Hl)

127.91

127.91

47.475

1.50

5.5 N or M

Nitric acid (HNO 3)

63.01

63.01

69.5 or 70

1.42

15.6 N ? 16 N or M

Phosphoric acid (H 3PO 4)

98.00

85

1.69

40.5 N or 13.5 M

Perchloric acid (HClO 4)

100.46

70

1.66

9 N or 18 M

Sulphuric acid (H 2SO 4)

98.08

49.0

96

1.84

35.9 ? 36 N or 18.0 M

2 Dilute Acids

Acid

Equivalent Weight

Approx. Strength

Preparation of 1 liter of Solution

Acetic acid (CH 3COOH)

60.05

5 N (143 ml acid per 500 ml because 58 ml/ 1 will give N solution).

Add 286 ml of glacial acid to distilled water to make up of volume of 1 liter.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

36.46

5 N (85.5 ml/l will be N solution and 214 ml/500 ml will make 5 N solution).

Add 428 ml of concentrated HCl to water to make up the volume of 1 liter.

Nitric acid (HNO 3

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