Pipe Fittings Specifications

Help with Pipe Fittings specifications:

Size

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	English
	Metric
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	English Size
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	Metric Size
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Material

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	Aluminum		Aluminum is a bluish, silver-white, malleable, ductile, light, trivalent, metallic element that has good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and resistance to oxidation.
	Brass/Bronze		Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, often with additional elements such as lead or tin. It is characterized by good strength, excellent high temperature ductility, reasonable cold ductility, good conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance, good bearing properties, and low magnetic permeability.
	Composite (Carbon/Fiberglass/Graphite)		Carbon or graphite has an extremely high melting point and is resistant to many molten non-ferrous metals, ceramics, and salts. Carbon pipe is used in chemical manufacturing, in heat treating furnaces, in non-ferrous metal production, and by the ceramic industries.
	Ceramic  (Carbon/Fiberglass/Graphite)		Ceramic materials are made of metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, or combinations of these compounds. Ceramics are typically formed from powders consolidated in a high temperature firing process. Most ceramics resist high temperatures and chemicals, but they typically have low electrical and thermal conductivity.
	Copper		Copper is a common reddish, metallic element that is ductile and malleable. It is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Copper tube and fittings are frequently used in plumbing applications.
	Exotic Metals		Exotic metals and alloys have specialized properties. This category includes materials such as Hastelloy®, Monel®, beryllium copper, beryllium nickel, niobium, tantalum, titanium, and zirconium.
	PVC/CPVC		Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) are common, versatile pipe materials. CPVC shares many of the advantages and application use with PVC, and typically carries higher temperature ratings.
	Fluororesin (PFA/PTFE/PVDF)		Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) is used for temperature requirements of 500°F (250°C). This material exhibits very good chemical resistance and dielectric properties.
	Glass		Glass properties include smoothness, nonconductivity, relative inertness, and resistance to acids and other corrosive media. Its chemical resistance makes it suitable for many chemical processing applications.
	Iron (Cast/Ductile)		Ductile iron is a form of cast iron developed in the 1940s that incorporates significant casting refinements, additional metallurgical processes, and superior quality control. The heat treatment after casting nodulizes the graphite into spheroidal shapes, giving ductile iron greater elongation, impact strength, and toughness than its predecessor, gray cast iron. In fact, the properties of ductile iron resemble those of steel more closely than traditional gray cast iron. Ductile iron retains the machinability of gray iron, and its high corrosion resistance is often enhanced with polyethylene encasement. Also called "nodular Iron" or "S.G. iron".
	Rubber / Elastomer		Several elastomeric products can be used in pipe fabrication; the most widely used is neoprene, a synthetic rubber that resists degradation from sun, ozone, and weather. It performs well in contact with oils and many chemicals. Neoprene remains useful over a wide temperature range, displays outstanding physical toughness, and resists burning inherently better than exclusively hydrocarbon rubbers. Neoprene also offers resistance to damage caused by flexing and twisting. Suggested operating temperature is -45° to 230° F. Neoprene was originally engineered by DuPont Dow.
	Polyethylene (PE)		Polyethylene (PE) is a semi-crystalline (typically around 50%), whitish, semi-opaque, commodity thermoplastic that is soft, flexible, and tough, even at low temperatures. PE offers outstanding electrical properties, but poor temperature resistance. It also has very good chemical resistance, but is prone to environmental stress cracking; it has poor UV resistance (unless modified) and poor barrier properties, except to water.
	Polypropylene (PP)		Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic material that exhibits excellent cold flow, bi-axial strength, and yield elongation properties. It is similar to PVC, but can be used in exposed applications because of its resistance to UV, weathering, and ozone.
	Carbon & Alloy Steel		Steel is a generic classification for general purpose carbon steel, mild steel, or steel alloys containing additions of chrome, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or other elements to alter hardenability characteristics, toughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, and/or strength. "Black pipe" is typically made of carbon steel.
	Stainless Steel		Stainless steel is chemical and corrosion resistant, and can have relatively high pressure ratings; this selection includes all grades of stainless steel.
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Type

	Category
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	Adapter		Adapters are fittings designed to connect different types of hose, tubing, or pipe together.
	Coupling		A coupling is a device with female connections that connects two identical sections of hose, tube, or pipe.
	Elbow		The fitting has an elbow configured for a 45° change in direction.
	Flange		Flanged fittings allow flush mating surface between pipes.
	Nipple		Nipple is a common description of a short, straight connector fitting, typically with male threaded ends.
	Reducer		The fitting reduces in size. Example: inlet is 1/2 in. and the outlet is 1/4 in.
	Tee		Tee fittings have three-ports and are in the shape of a "T".  Standard configuration (equal) indicates that the straight-through path (typically called the run) and the perpendicular section (branch) all have the same size ports.
	Union		Union fittings have three-parts that connect two pieces of tube and allow for disconnection without cutting.
	Wye		Wye fittings have three-ports in the general shape of the letter "Y," or in which a branch departs the run at an angle other than 90°. The designation "equal" refers to the three outlets being the same size.
	Cross / 4-Way		The fitting has four connection ports, typically in the shape of a cross.
	Bulkhead Fitting		Bulkhead fittings are designed to be mounted in a wall or bulkhead to allow tube connections on either side of barrier.
	Swivel		The swivel feature allows one or more fitting ends to rotate or swivel.
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Connection

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	Threaded		The port includes one or more straight threads, such as UNC, UNF, or other straight thread series.
	Weld		Plain end fittings can be connected by adhesive, solder, or other forms.
	Flange		Flanges are ports with flush surfaces perpendicular surface to the pipe, hose, or tube which are mated to each other and sealed by a clamp, welding, or other means.
	Clamp End		Clamp end fittings have ends that are designed to be attached to a run-on hose, pipe, tube, or other fitting with a hose, pipe, or tube clamp.
	End Bell		End bell fittings are attached to one pipe end to provide a socket or bell into which another pipe end can be fit.
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