A MASONRY MATERIALS (A) ( ^[4]) ( ^[16]) ( ^[26]) ( ^[50]) ( ^[58]) ( ^[60])

1. General: Masonry consists of:

   1. Brick

      1. Fired

      2. Unfired ("adobe")

   2. Concrete block (concrete masonry units or CMU)

   3. Stone

   4. Glass block

2. Structural Characteristics

   1. Strength

      AVERAGE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

      MATERIAL	ELASTIC (PSI)	ULTIMATE STRENGTH (PSI)	ALLOWABLE WORKING UNIT STRESS (PSI)	MODULE ELAST. (PSI)	WEIGHT (LB./C.F.)
      TENSION	COMPRESS	TENSION	COMPRESS	SHEAR	TENSION	COMPRESS	SHEAR	EXTR. FIBER BEND.
      ADOBE				300 500			30	8			110
      BRICK				2800		800	100 250	50	2500 M		120
      C.M.U.				1500		500	300	38	1900 H		145
      STONE				2500			200 400	8			145

   2. Load centers on masonry must lie within the center ? of its width.

   3. Reinforcing: Like concrete, masonry is strong in compression, but weak in tension. Therefore, steel reinforcement must usually be added to walls to simulate columns and beams.

      1. Like columns: Vertical bars @ 2 ? to 4 ? oc.

      2. Like beams: "Bond Beams" @ 4 ? to 8 ? oc.

      3. Also, added horizontal wire reinforcement (ladder or truss type) @ 16 ? oc. vertically, to help resist lateral forces and cracking.

3. Bonds

   1. Structural (method of laying units together):

      1. Overlapping units.

      2. Metal ties (should be galvanized with zinc coating of 2 oz/SF, or stainless steel). Wire ties usually @ every 3 SF, or

         Metal...