From Machine Design Databook, Second Edition

SYMBOLS [2], [3], [4]

A

area of cross-section, m 2 (in 2) the cross-sectional area of rivet shank, m 2 (in 2)

b

breadth of cover plates (also with suffixes), m (in)

c

distance from the centroid of the rivet group to the critical rivet, m(in)

d

diameter of rivet, m (in)

D i

internal diameter of pressure vessel, m (mm)

e or l

eccentricity of loading, m (in)

F

force on plate or rivets (also with suffixes), kN (lbf)

h

thickness of plate or shell, m (in)

h c, h 1, h 2

thickness of cover plate (butt strap), m (in)

i

number of rivets in a pitch fine (also with suffixes 1 and 2, respectively, for single shear and double shear rivets)

I

moment of inertia, area, m 4, cm 4, (in 4)

J

moment of inertia, polar, m 4, cm 4 (in 4)

coefficient (Table 13-11)

m

margin, m (in)

M b

bending moment, N m (lbf in)

p

pitch on the gauge line or longitudinal pitch, m (in)

p c

pitch along the caulking edge, m (in)

p d

diagonal pitch, m (in)

p t

transverse pitch, m (in)

P f

intensity of fluid pressure, MPa (psi)

Z

section modulus of the angle section, m 3, cm 3

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2003 under license agreement with Books24x7

Products & Services
V-ribbed Pulleys
V-ribbed pulleys or sheaves have a series of V-shaped ribs that mate with V-ribbed belts. They are used in numerous power transmission applications.
V-Belt Pulleys
V-belt pulleys or sheaves mate with drive belts in numerous power transmission applications. They are made in many configurations such as tension idlers and variable speed / ratio pulleys.
Rivets
Rivets are headed pins with a point that passes through two pieces of material. Beating or pressing down the point causes it to spread out and form a second head. Rivets can be used to connect two plates or pieces of material together.
Riveters and Riveting Machines
Riveters and riveting machines insert fasteners through aligned holes in parts to be joined, then press or hammer them from the insertion side to provide the second retaining head. 
V-Belts and V-Ribbed Belts
V-belts and V-ribbed belts are power transmission drive belts with a triangular or trapezoidal cross section. They are available in a variety of belt materials, reinforcement styles, and speed configurations.

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Thomas W. Murphey [*] Space Vehicles Directorate, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico This material is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to...