TABLE OF CONTENTS | A | area of loading, m 2 (in 2) | |
| b | width of rectangular spring, m (in) width of laminated spring, m (in) | |
| b ? | width of each strip in a laminated spring, m (in) | |
| c | spring index | |
| c 1, c 2 | constants taken from Table 20-1 and to be used in Eqs. (20-1) to (20-36) | |
| C 1, C 2 | constants to be used in Eqs. (20-20) and (20-21) and taken from Fig. 20-3 | |
| d | diameter of spring wire, m (in) diameter of torsion bar, m (in) | |
| d 1, d 2 | diameter of outer and inner wires of concentric spring, m (in) | |
| D | mean or pitch diameter of spring, m (mm) overall diameter of the absorber, m (in) | |
| D 1 | mean or pitch diameter of outer concentric spring, m (in) smallest mean diameter of conical spring, m (in) | |
| D 2 | mean or pitch diameter of inner concentric spring, m (in) largest mean diameter of conical spring, m (in) | |
| e sz | size coefficient | |
| e ? sr | surface influence coefficient | |
| E | modulus of elasticity, GPa (psi) | |
| F | frequency, cycles per minute, Hz | |
| F | load, kN (lbf) steady-state load [Eq. (20-84)] | |
| F max | maximum force that can be imposed on the housing, kN (lbf) | |
| k 0 | force to compress the spring one meter (in) N/m (lbf/in) [spring rate, N/m (lbf/in)] | |
| F cr | critical load, kN (lbf) | |
| g | acceleration due... |
