TABLE OF CONTENTS | C | smoke area consisting of the total internal transverse area of the tube, m 2 (ft 2) | |
| d | diameter of cylinder or shell, in (in) diameter or short span, measured as shown in Fig. 8-9 (Chap. 8) | |
| d o | maximum allowable diameter of opening, m (in) outside diameter of cylinder or shell or tube or pipe, m (in) | |
| D o | outside diameter of furnace or flue, m (in) | |
| D.S. | disengaging surface or area of water surface through which steam bubbles must be discharged, the water being considered at the middle-gauge cock, m 2 (ft 2) | |
| E | modulus of elasticity, GPa (Mpsi) | |
| G | area of the grate as finally adopted, m 2 (ft 2) | |
| h or t | thickness of tube or shell wall, m (in) | |
| H | total heating surface in contact with the fire, m 2 (ft 2) | |
| l | length of the flue sections, m (in) | |
| n | factor of safety to be taken as 5 for usual cases | |
| L | radius to which the head is formed, measured on the concave side of the head, m (in) | |
| P | rated power of boiler | |
| p or P | maximum allowable working pressure, Pa or MPa (psi) | |
| R i | inside radius of cylindrical shell, m (in) | |
| S | volume of steam included between the shell and a horizontal line through the position of the central gauge as... |
