Objectives: In today's modern computers, media information such as audio, images, and video have come to be necessary for daily business operations and entertainment. In this chapter, we will study the digital image and its processing techniques. This chapter introduces the basics of image processing, including image enhancement using histogram equalization and filtering methods, and proceeds to study pseudo-color generation for object detection and recognition. Finally, the chapter investigates image compression techniques and basics of video signals.
The digital image is picture information in digital form. The image can be filtered to remove noise and obtain enhancement. It can also be transformed to extract features for pattern recognition. The image can be compressed for storage and retrieval, as well as transmitted via a computer network or a communication system.
The digital image consists of pixels. The position of each pixel is specified in terms of an index for the number of columns and another for the number of rows. Figure 13.1 shows that the pixel p(2, 8) has a level of 86 and is located in the second row, eighth column. We express it in notation as
| (13.1) |  |
The number of pixels in the presentation of a digital image is its spatial resolution, which relates to the image quality. The higher the spacial resolution, the better quality the image has. The spacial resolution can be fairly high, for instance, as high as 1600 1200 (1,920,000 pixels = 1.92 megapixels), or...
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