TABLE OF CONTENTS Research and development in the transducer industry has traditionally been very productive. Many new forms and rapid improvements of old forms are continuously reported. One of the most successful improvements in transducers is the incorporation of integrated circuits for signal conditioning, with the basic transducer unit. These are known as smart transducers.11 When selecting a transducer, in addition to the question of cost, careful attention must be given to the following:1 ,4
| Sensitivity | Output impedance |
| Range | Power requirements |
| Physical properties | Noise |
| Loading effects and distortion | Error or accuracy |
| Frequency response | Calibration |
| Electrical output format | Environment |
