Infrared Spectrometers Specifications

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Spectrometer Type & Range


	Spectrometer Type:
	Your choices are...
	Dispersive		Dispersive Raman typically employs visible lasers, a grating, and CCD detectors (silicon array charged coupled detectors) as a means to collect data. The laser acts as a light source irradiating the sample. Most of the radiation will elastically scatter or "reflect off" the sample at the same energy as the incoming laser radiation, a process known as Rayleigh scattering. However, a small amount, approximately one photon out of a million (0.0001%), will scatter from that sample at a wavelength slightly shifted from the original wavelengths.
	Fourier Transform (FTIR)		FT-IR spectrometers record the interaction of IR radiation with experimental samples, measuring the frequencies at which the sample absorbs the radiation and the intensities of the absorptions. This is a single beam instrument.
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	Infrared Range:
	Your choices are...
	Near		0.75 - 3.00 microns
	Mid		3.00 - 6.00 microns
	Far		6.00 - 15.00 microns
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Performance Specifications


	Spectral / Wavelength Range:		Wavelength range refers to the dispersion of the grating across the linear array; also expressed as the "size" of the spectra on the array.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the limits in a "From - To" range; when both are specified, matching products will cover entire range. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Resolution:		Resolution is the width of an analytical peak at half its height expressed in nanometers. It's a measure of the instruments ability to separate two overlapping peaks. At the point of resolution, two peaks of equal height are said to be resolved if you can see a dip between the tops of the two peaks.
	Search Logic:		All matching products will have a value less than or equal to the specified value.

	Accuracy:		Accuracy is the agreement between a mean measured value and a true or accepted value as quantified by error. Related to determinate errors and quantified by bias.
	Search Logic:		All matching products will have a value less than or equal to the specified value.

System Configuration


	Optical System:
	Your choices are...
	Monochromator		A monochromator is a spectrometer optical system capable of measuring a single wavelength, which can be scanned through a wide wavelength range. A common form of monochromator is the Czerny-Turner design, consisting of fixed entrance and exit slits, fixed focusing mirrors and a rotatable diffraction grating. As the grating rotates, a different wavelength is focused onto the exit slit. The wavelength range of a monochromator varies with the choice of grating, but commonly they can scan from 160 nm to 500 nm or ever wider ranges. The spectral resolution depends on the widths of the slits, the choice of grating and focal length, but commonly can be less than 10 pm for high resolution OES.
	Filter System		Filter systems may also be referred to as a polarizer. The filter system uses Near Infrared filters mounted on a temperature controlled filter wheel and controlled by a microprocessor.
	Acousto-Optical Tunable Scanning		Acousto-optical tubable scanning (AOTF) devices, which are usually designed for visible and near IR applications, also overcome the mechanical problems associated with multi-wavelength filter instruments, and likewise, they are based on the use of a single- element detector.
	Michelson Interferometer		A source of infrared energy illuminates a device called an interferometer. In the interferometer, the infrared energy is split in to two beams, and then optically recombined. In this way the two beams interfere with each other through a constructive / destructive process to produce a complex waveform. This waveform is directed towards the sensor surface of the instrument where it interacts with the molecules of the sample and where the wavelengths are selectively absorbed.
	Other		Other unlisted optical system.
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	Detector Type:
	Your choices are...
	MCT		MCT: Mercury Cadmium Tellurium. HgCdTe is a ternary semiconductor compound which exhibits a wavelength cutoff proportional to the alloy composition. The actual detector is composed of a thin layer (10 to 20 µm) of HgCdTe with metalized contact pads defining the active area. Photons with energy greater than the semiconductor band-gap energy excite electrons into the conduction band, thereby increasing the conductivity of the material.
	DTGS		DTGS: deuterated triglycine sulfate. A very sensitive detector for mid infrared range measurement. Most routine scanning instruments feature the more expensive and more sensitive DTGS detector, which is one or two orders of magnitude more sensitive than lithium tantalate, depending upon implementation. One drawback of the DTGS detector in a process environment is that it stops functioning as a detector at temperatures higher than 41 degrees C; the detector depolarizes above this temperature.
	DLATGS		DLATGS: deuterated lanthanum triglycine sulfate. Temperature controlled high sensitivity detector for the mid-infrared range.
	InSb		Indium antimonide detectors are used when detecting in the near infrared range.
	LiTaO3		Lithium tantalate detectors are used as low-cost thermal sensing devices (including fire alarms) for which the detector element can cost as little as $10. They are also used in filter-based instruments and in low- cost scanning instruments.
	PbS		Traditional solid state lead salt detectors used when detecting in the near infrared range.
	PC-CMT		In the long wave spectral region (14.6 to about 7 microns), only photoconductive HgCdTe detectors (PC-CMT) are able to meet the specifications on low noise contribution and electronics bandwidth.
	PV-CMT		At the shorter wavelengths (7 to 4 microns), photovoltaic HgCdTe detectors (PV-CMT) are the best choice. The detector elements are cooled to about 70 K to reduce their internal noise contribution.
	Si		Traditional solid state silicon detector.
	Photoacoustic		The photoacoustic technique is based on energy transfer from a modulated infrared beam into a mechanical vibration. The incident beam is absorbed by the sample which results in a thermal transfer from the sample to a surrounding inert gas envelope. The gas expands to give small pressure fluctuations detected by a sensitive microphone.
	Other		Other unlisted or unspecified detector types.
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User Interface Options


	Local Interface:
	Your choices are...
	Analog Front Panel		The panel has analog user inputs such as potentiometers, dials, switches, for adjustment of output, ranges, etc.
	Digital Front Panel		The panel uses digital keypads or menus for programming.
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	Computer Interface Options:
	Your choices are...
	Serial Interface		A port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only one bit is transferred at a time. Examples include RS232, RS422, RS485, USB, etc.
	Parallel Interface		A channel capable of transferring more than one bit at a simultaneously. Examples include PC Printer Port, Centronics®, etc.
	Other Computer Interface		Modem, transmitter, TTL, etc.
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	Application Software Included?		For control or for monitoring the process.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

Display Options


	Display Options:
	Your choices are...
	Analog Meter		Data is displayed with an analog meter or simple visual indicator.
	Digital Readout		Digital readout devices use numerical or application specific display.
	Video Display		The data is presented in video form via CRT, LCD, or other multi-line forms.
	None		No integral display. Output is read and displayed remotely.
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Additional Output Options


	Additional Output Options:
	Your choices are...
	Outputs an Analog Voltage		Any analog voltage output. Output voltage is a simple (usually linear) function of the measurement.
	Output is a Pulse		Frequency or modulated frequency output (Ex. sine wave, pulse train, AM, FM).
	Outputs an Analog Current		4-20mA or any other analog current output. Often called a transmitter. A current is imposed on the output circuit proportional to the measurement. Feedback is used to provide the appropriate current regardless of line noise, impedance, etc. Useful when sending signals long distances.
	Output is a Switch or Relay Contact		The ''output'' is a change in state of a switch or an alarm.
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Features and Functionality


	Step Selectable Resolution?		The width of the bands that the spectrometer can detect can be adjusted with step selectable resolution.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Cooled Detector?		The detector is temperature cooled to prevent overheating.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Total Vacuum Option?		Total vacuum options give the analyzer greater sensitivity.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Telescope?		Telescopes are used for long range monitoring.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Microscope?		Microscopes are used for imaging purposes.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Portable		Portable spectrometers are modular devices that are designed for ease of transport and assembly. Rugged enclosures, PC interfaces, and customizable software packages are common features for the portable device.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Raman Spectrometer Attachment?		The infrared spectrometer has an attachment for Raman spectrometers to permit easy coupling of technologies.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	For use in Hazardous Environments?		Is it necessary for the device to withstand and function within hostile or extreme environments, including high or low temperature, humidity, shock, vibration, etc.?
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	On-line Monitoring & Process Control?		The spectrometer is part of a system and is responsible for monitoring the process and changing it if necessary.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Data Storage / Data Logger?		Is it necessary for the device to be able to record and store data within its own memory, without transferring it to a separate data recorder?
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Data Processing Functions?		The spectrometer has the ability to process the data and perform analysis of it.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Self-calibration?		Self-calibration is used to remove errors which remain after performing the regular calibration process.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

Environment


	Operating Temperature:		This is the full required range of ambient operating temperature.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the limits in a "From - To" range; when both are specified, matching products will cover entire range. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

	Operating Humidity:		This is the full required range of ambient operating humidity.
	Search Logic:		User may specify either, both, or neither of the limits in a "From - To" range; when both are specified, matching products will cover entire range. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria.

Infrared Spectrometers Specifications

Spectrometer Type:

Infrared Range:

Resolution:

Accuracy:

Optical System:

Detector Type:

Local Interface:

Computer Interface Options:

Application Software Included?

Display Options:

Additional Output Options:

Step Selectable Resolution?

Cooled Detector?

Total Vacuum Option?

Telescope?

Microscope?

Portable?

Raman Spectrometer Attachment?

For use in Hazardous Environments?

On-line Monitoring & Process Control?

Data Storage / Data Logger?

Data Processing Functions?

Self-calibration?

Help with Infrared Spectrometers specifications: