Crushers Information
Industrial crushers reduce large rocks, ore, or waste materials to smaller sizes. They are the first level of size reducer; further granularization occurs in grinding mills or pulverizers.
Crushing devices hold feed material between two solid surfaces and apply sufficient force to fracture or deform that material. Primary crushing operations takes boulder size feeds (20 to 100 inches) and reduces the material to secondary crusher feed size (1 to 20 inches) or mill feed size (0.5 to 3 inches). This video illustrates single- and double-toggle jaw crushers.
Video credit: Agg-Net/QMJ Publishing
Types of Industrial Crushers
There are several types of industrial crushers available to industrial buyers. These types include:
- Cone or gyratory crushers insert feed via a cone-shape bowl and crush it with a spinning or gyrating head.
- HPGR (high pressure grinding rollers), roll/roller crushers, or mineral sizers use two large rollers or a roller and a flat surface. The rolls can be serrated, toothed, or smooth.
- Vertical impactors use the weight and friction of the feed (autonomous) or add hammer-like processors.
- Horizontal shaft impactors spin feed against various surfaces.
- Jaw crushers feed materials between fixed and reciprocating plates. Blake, swing, overhead eccentric and Dodge jaw crushers are some of the variations available.
- Bucket crushers both scoop and reduce materials.
Video Credit: Mid Atlantic Hammer
The following table compares types of crushers.
Type |
Hardness |
Abrasion limit |
Moisture content |
Reduction ratio |
Main use |
Cone crushers |
Medium hard to very hard |
Abrasive |
Dry or wet, not sticky |
3/1 to 5/1 |
Quarried materials, Sand & gravel |
Gyratory crushers |
Soft to very hard |
Abrasive |
Dry to slightly wet, not sticky |
4/1 to 7/1 |
Heavy mining, Quarried materials |
Horizontal shaft impactors |
Soft to medium hard |
Slightly abrasive |
Dry or wet, not sticky |
10/1 to 25/1 |
Quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling |
Jaw crushers |
Soft to very hard |
No limit |
Dry to slightly wet, not sticky |
3/1 to 5/1 |
Heavy mining, Quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling |
Mineral sizers |
Hard to soft |
Abrasive |
Dry or wet and sticky |
2/1 to 5/1 |
Heavy mining |
Vertical shaft impactors (autogenous) |
Soft to very hard |
No limit |
Dry or wet, not sticky |
2/1 to 5/1 |
Quarried materials, sand & gravel |
Vertical shaft impactors (shoe and anvil) |
Medium hard to very hard |
Slightly abrasive |
Dry or wet, not sticky |
6/1 to 8/1 |
Sand & gravel, recycling |
Table Source: Wikipedia (Crushers)
Specifications and Features
Important specifications and features when selecting industrial crushers include:
- Feed size, material, and hardness must be considered.
- Output size ranges.
- Crushers accept dry or wet input, or both.
- Crushers are feed in batches or continuously.
- Some units are mobile.
Video credit: Mid Atlantic Hammer
Applications
Crushers are used in the mining, metallurgical, construction, chemistry, petrochemical, transportation, and energy industries.
References
SBM Stone Crusher Machine Products
Image credits:
Bauermeister | MMD Design and Consultancy | Sturtevant
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- Continuous
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- Jaw Crusher
- Lab / Pilot
- Metallurgical / Foundry
- Mining / Ores / Minerals
- Pharmaceutical / Cosmetics
- Polymers
- Power / Coal & Coke
- Production
- Sanitary
- Shredder / Knife / Disc Mill
- Wet
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