This volume is part of the Practical Guide Series developed and published by the ISA, the International Society for Measurement and Control. The Practical Guides were conceived because of a shortage of published material in the field of measurement and control that bridges the gap between theory and actual industrial practice. Many books in the field have catered to the needs of technical students, who need to be oriented to basic control theory and concepts, or college-level readers, who are interested in engineering mainly from a classroom perspective. There are handbooks for practicing engineers that cover measurement and control, but these handbooks often devote only a chapter or two to topics that merit more attention. Within the Practical Guides Series, separate volumes address each of the important topics and give them comprehensive, book-length treatments. Each book in the series can be understood and used by technical students, sales engineers, sales personnel, and managers, and relied upon by those who have "real-live" industrial concerns such as correct application, safety, installation, and maintenance. Another unique feature of the Practical Guides is the stress placed on the actual experience of measurement and control practitioners. The Practical Guides are overseen by various Volume Editors and a Series Technical Editor, who have extensive experience in measurement and control. The Volume Editors have been selected for their specific expertise in the volume topics, and bring together numerous Contributing Writers with even more specialized knowledge. The Series Technical Editor, who is responsible for general technical consistency within each volume and across all volumes, helps guide the Volume Editors. The Practical Guides capture the hard-earned experience of the writers and, by employing examples and recording anecdotal observations, make that experience as applicable for the reader as possible. Case studies, either hypothetical or based on real case histories, are used to illustrate typical situations and show how good planning and practical applications made the difference between success and failure. Some of this information has never been documented before. This volume is designed to be at home in a library, in a classroom, or on the plant floor. The comfortable reading style, large pages, and frequent illustrations will contribute to ease of use. The page design uses graphics to "call out" some of the major points of the text, such as crucial safety checks and important examples. Each Practical Guide gathers widely scattered information in a single text, with bibliographies directing the reader to other sources. |
Chapter 10.17 - Control Valve Features: Live Loading
Live Loading Live-loaded Packing Grafoil packing is less susceptible to differential thermal expansion. However, graphite/filament packing systems on sliding stem valves require higher axial packing loads, and therefore higher stem friction to effect a seal. To maintain a seal, the packing must be kept under load. When the packing load is insufficient, it hinders the ability of the packing to seal properly. When the packing load is excessive, very high stem friction is generated. High stem friction can subsequently reduce the packing useful life and cause valve sticking problems. In addition, excessive loading with springs increases the friction in the packing box which increases the hysteresis of the valve and decreases control performance. To address these issues, manufacturers have produced interesting packing designs. They ensure proper packing loads and reduce the amount of maintenance required for the graphite packing systems. Figure 10-32 shows one of these designs. ![]() Live-loaded Shaft Seals Live-loaded shaft seals are used for rotary valves to provide maximum safety for applications involving liquids or gases that present hazards to operating personnel (i.e. toxic, acidic, radioactive, explosive or flammable materials). Live loaded shaft materials are designed to positively contain potential fugitive emissions. Continuous spring-generated pressure on the shaft seals maintains a tight closure to prevent leakage to the atmosphere. The leakage prevention offered by live-loaded shaft seals is far superior to the sealing offered by standard valve packing where significant cycle life is required. ![]() |
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