Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Design, Manufacturing and Inspection: A Handbook for Geometrical Product Specification using ISO and ASME Standards, Second Edition

Chapter 11: Least Material Requirement

11.1 Definitions

Least material condition (LMC) The state of the considered feature in which the feature is everywhere at that limit of size where the material of the feature is at its minimum, e.g. maximum limit of size of a hole (maximum hole diameter) and minimum limit of size of a shaft (minimum shaft diameter) (ISO 2692). The actual axis of the feature need not be straight.

Least material size (LMS) The dimension defining the least material condition of a feature (ISO 2692), i.e. the limit of size where the material is at the minimum (e.g. maximum limit of size of a hole and minimum limit of size of a shaft).

Least material virtual size (LMVS) Size generated by the collective effect (with regard to what can be cut out of the material) of the least material size and the geometrical tolerance followed by the symbol , i.e.


Least material virtual condition (LMVC) The features limiting boundary of perfect (geometrical ideal) form and of least material virtual size. When more than one feature, or one or more datum features are applied to the geometrical tolerance, the LMVS are in theoretical exact locations and orientations relative to each other (ISO 2692).

11.2 Description of least material requirement

Least material requirement (LMR) This requirement, indicated on drawings by the symbol placed after the geometrical tolerance of the toleranced feature or after the datum letter in the tolerance frame, specifies:

  • when applied to the toleranced feature, the...

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