Resistance Alloy / Heating Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Description
Resistance alloys and heating nonferrous metals and alloys are specialized materials designed to generate heat when an electrical current passes through them. These materials are engineered to have high resistivity, which means they effectively resist the flow of electricity, resulting in heat generation. Common examples include nickel-chromium (NiCr) and iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys, which are known for their durability and ability to withstand high temperatures.
Working Principle
The working principle of resistance alloys is based on Joule heating, where electrical energy is converted into heat as it passes through a material with high electrical resistance. When an electric current flows through these materials, the resistance they offer to the current flow causes energy dissipation in the form of heat. This process is efficient for heating applications because the heat generated can be precisely controlled by adjusting the current or voltage. The high resistivity and oxidation resistance of these alloys make them particularly useful in environments where high temperatures are required.
Applications
Resistance alloys are used in a variety of applications due to their ability to generate and withstand high temperatures. Specific examples include electric furnaces and baseboard heaters, where resistance coils heat the air for distribution. They are also used in household appliances like toasters and ovens, where the coils heat up to toast bread or bake food. In industrial settings, these materials are used in high-temperature vacuum and inert atmosphere furnaces, utilizing materials like tungsten and molybdenum for their superior high-temperature properties.
Advantages over other Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Resistance alloys such as NiCr and FeCrAl offer several advantages over other nonferrous metals and alloys. NiCr alloys are characterized by high resistivity and excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for high-temperature applications up to 1,250°C. FeCrAl alloys, on the other hand, provide reduced weight and longer life expectancy compared to NiCr alloys. These properties make them more cost-effective and durable in specific applications.
Limitations
Despite their advantages, resistance alloys have limitations. For instance, iron-based alloys like FeCrAl, while cost-effective, are more prone to corrosion compared to nickel-based alloys. Additionally, while materials like silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) offer higher temperature capabilities and longer lifespans, they are more expensive, which can be a limiting factor for some applications.
Considerations
When selecting resistance alloys for heating applications, several considerations must be taken into account. Initial costs can vary significantly depending on the material chosen, with more advanced materials like SiC and MoSi2 being more expensive. Operating expenses are influenced by the efficiency and durability of the material, with high-resistivity alloys generally offering better performance. Durability and maintenance costs are also critical, as materials with higher oxidation resistance and melting points tend to have longer lifespans and require less frequent replacement. Additionally, the accuracy of temperature control is an important factor, as materials with a linear resistance-temperature change allow for more precise temperature regulation.
from Isabellenhutte USA
A-Copper 2.5 is especially characterized by very low resistivity. This alloy is used for heating wires and mats in heating cords and in heating cables with low conductor temperatures as well as tube weldings. It provides a relatively high corrosion resistance. Flat wires and ribbons are used for... [See More]
- Applications: Resistance Alloy / Heating; Protective Switches
- Specialty / Other Types: Alloy
- Nonferrous: Copper
- Specifications: EN
from High Performance Alloys, Inc.
High Performance Alloys stocks and produces HASTELLOY X in this grade in the following forms: Bar, wire, sheet, plate, coil, fasteners and forgings. Heat Resistant (UNS N06002). HASTELLOY X is a wrought nickel base alloy with excellent high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. All of the... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Oil & Gas Wells; Resistance Alloy / Heating
- Specialty / Other Types: Alloy; Superalloy
- Nonferrous: Nickel; Miscellaneous Nonferrous Metal or Alloy
- Specifications: AMS; ASTM / ASME; UNS
from Isabellenhutte USA
Our resistance alloys are used in many areas of electronics and electrical engineering and can be supplied in many different forms and types. Our alloys MANGANIN ®, ZERANIN ®, ISAOHM ® and NOVENTIN ® are homogenous solid-solution alloys that are annealed and stabilized in the primary... [See More]
- Applications: Automotive or Vehicular; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Wear resistant parts or tooling
- Specialty / Other Types: Alloy
- Nonferrous: Copper
- Shape / Form: Bar Stock; Profile or Structural Shape; Round Bar or Rod Stock; Wire
from High Performance Alloys, Inc.
Inconel 600 is a nickel-chromium alloy with good oxidation resistance at higher temperatures, with good resistance in carburizing and chloride containing environments. Inconel 600 is a nickel-chromium alloy designed for use from cryogenic to elevated temperatures in the range of 2000 deg F(1093 deg... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Nuclear; Pressure Vessel (PVQ); Resistance Alloy / Heating; Wear resistant parts or tooling
- Specialty / Other Types: Alloy; Superalloy
- Nonferrous: Nickel; Miscellaneous Nonferrous Metal or Alloy
- Specifications: AMS; ASTM / ASME; UNS
from High Performance Alloys, Inc.
Inconel 625 is a material with excellent resistance to pitting, crevice and corrosion cracking. Inconel 625 is highly resistant in a wide range of organic and mineral acids. Good high temperature strength. Characteristics. Excellent mechanical properties at both extremely low and extremely high... [See More]
- Applications: Abrasion Resistant; Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Marine; Oil & Gas Wells; Resistance Alloy / Heating
- Specialty / Other Types: Alloy; Superalloy
- Nonferrous: Nickel; Miscellaneous Nonferrous Metal or Alloy
- Specifications: AMS; ASTM / ASME; UNS
from High Performance Alloys, Inc.
Inconel 718 is a Gamma Prime strengthened alloy with excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, as well as cryogenic temperatures. Suitable for temperatures up to around 1300 F. Can be readily worked and age hardened. Excellent strength from -423 degrees F to 1300 degrees F (-253... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Nuclear; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Wear resistant parts or tooling
- Specialty / Other Types: Alloy; Superalloy
- Nonferrous: Nickel; Miscellaneous Nonferrous Metal or Alloy
- Specifications: AMS; ASTM / ASME; UNS
from National Bronze & Metals Inc.
C18150 Copper Chromium Zirconium RWMA Class II. Used extensively for cap style resistance welding electrodes. Evidence suggests that it can provide less sticking and resist deformation longer than its copper-chrome counterpart in some specific situations. Typical Uses for C18150 Copper Chromium... [See More]
- Applications: Resistance Alloy / Heating
- Specialty / Other Types: Pure, Unalloyed or Very Low Alloy Additions
- Nonferrous: Copper
- UNS Number: 18150
from Elmet Technologies LLC
Molybdenum's properties include a melting point of 2610 ° C, good electrical conductivity and tensile strength at high temperatures, along with low vapor pressure and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Electronics or semiconductors; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Semicondcutor
- Shape / Form: Fabricated Parts or Shapes (Castings, Forgings, Machined Parts, etc.); Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Coil Stock; Bar Stock; Round Bar or Rod Stock
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Width / OD: 0.1250
from Rhenium Alloys, Inc.
Rhenium Alloys offers Copper-Tungsten in sheet and foil. For over 45 years, Rhenium Alloys has been delivering high performance refractory metals to customers who desire an alloy that can withstand extreme temperatures and harsh environments. Typical Applications. • Aerospace Propulsion. •... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Electronics or semiconductors; HV / Electrical; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Wear resistant parts or tooling; Radar Systems, Components, Sputtering Targets, Heating Elements, Shields & Liners
- Shape / Form: Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Foil; Sheet
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Tungsten; Copper
from Elmet Technologies LLC
Material from .090 inches to 3 inches in thickness is classified as molybdenum plate. It is widely used in the construction of furnace tooling and parts and as a feed stock for the fabrication of parts for the electronics and semiconductor industries. Standard availability is described below. Other... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Electronics or semiconductors; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Semicondcutor
- Shape / Form: Fabricated Parts or Shapes (Castings, Forgings, Machined Parts, etc.); Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Bar Stock; Flats / Rectangular Bar
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Thickness: 1.00E-3
from Rhenium Alloys, Inc.
Molybdenum is a soft, ductile refractory metal that is ideal for thermocouple sheaths, especially when used in very high heat conditions. Molybdenum Tubing is also specified for electrical, electronic, and semiconductor applications. Seamless Tubing That Sets The Industry Standards. Precision tubing... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Alternative / Renewable Energy; Chemical or material processing; Electronics or semiconductors; HV / Electrical; Nuclear; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Semiconductors, Thermocouple Sheaths, Medical Devices, Furnace Parts
- Shape / Form: Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Hollow Stock (Tube, Pipe, Column)
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Features: Continuous, Centrifugal or Other Casting Process; Vacuum Arc Melted / Remelted (VAR) (optional feature)
from Elmet Technologies LLC
Material from .005 inches to .090 inches in thickness is classified as molybdenum sheet. It is used for fabrication of sintering boats, high temperature furnace heating elements and heat shields. Standard availability is described below. Other sizes and tolerances are available. [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Heat Shields
- Shape / Form: Fabricated Parts or Shapes (Castings, Forgings, Machined Parts, etc.); Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Sheet
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Thickness: 0.0050 to 0.0900
from Rhenium Alloys, Inc.
Molybdenum-Rhenium alloys serve a wide range of applications in electronics, furnace, joining, and aerospace industries. Precise alloying of Rhenium with these other refractory metals adds both ductility and strength to suit customer specifications. Rod And Wire That Redefines Performance. [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Electronics or semiconductors; HV / Electrical; Repair, Resurfacing or Filling Compound; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Furnace, Joining
- Shape / Form: Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Bar Stock; Round Bar or Rod Stock
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Features: Vacuum Arc Melted / Remelted (VAR) (optional feature)
from Elmet Technologies LLC
Tungsten lamp filaments, which operate at temperatures in the range of 2400 ° C, are successfully mounted on molybdenum wires; the wire acting both as a heat sink and a support while lowering the temperature at the support junction. Likewise, molybdenum sees wide use in the construction of power... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Furnace Elements
- Shape / Form: Fabricated Parts or Shapes (Castings, Forgings, Machined Parts, etc.); Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Coil Stock; Wire
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Width / OD: 0.0030 to 0.2500
from Rhenium Alloys, Inc.
Molybdenum-Rhenium Alloys provides a wide range of Wire products to serve applications in major electronics products, thermocouples, high temperature furnace parts, and welding requirements. Our Rhenium Wire is 99.99% pure and has high strength and excellent ductility. Molybdenum-47.5%-Rhenium Wire... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Electronics or semiconductors; HV / Electrical; Repair, Resurfacing or Filling Compound; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Furnace, Joining
- Shape / Form: Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Wire
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive; Molybdenum
- Features: Vacuum Arc Melted / Remelted (VAR) (optional feature)
from Rhenium Alloys, Inc.
Only Rhenium Alloys delivers ultra-pure grades of Rhenium Ribbon, both commercial and zone refined. Their commercial grade Rhenium Ribbon is 99.99% and our zone refined ribbon is 99.995% pure on a metallic content basis. Both grades may be ordered in either random lengths or specific cut lengths to... [See More]
- Applications: Aerospace or Aircraft Quality; Chemical or material processing; Electronics or semiconductors; HV / Electrical; Resistance Alloy / Heating; Wear resistant parts or tooling; Radar Systems, Components, Sputtering Targets, Heating Elements, Shields & Liners
- Shape / Form: Semi-finished, Mill Stock or Near Net Shapes; Strip
- Nonferrous: Refractory / Reactive